IT貓撲網(wǎng):您身邊最放心的安全下載站! 最新更新|軟件分類|軟件專題|手機(jī)版|論壇轉(zhuǎn)貼|軟件發(fā)布

您當(dāng)前所在位置: 首頁操作系統(tǒng)LINUX → Linux系統(tǒng)各個目錄的作用(中英文對照)

Linux系統(tǒng)各個目錄的作用(中英文對照)

時間:2015-06-28 00:00:00 來源:IT貓撲網(wǎng) 作者:網(wǎng)管聯(lián)盟 我要評論(0)

  對于linux新手來說,最感到迷惑的問題之一就是文件都存在哪里呢?特別是對于那些從windows轉(zhuǎn)過來的新手來說,linux的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)看起來有些奇怪哦。所以,在這里講一下linux下的主要目錄以及它們都是用來干什么的。

  /

  This is the root directory. The mothership. The home field. The one and only top directory for your whole computer. Everything, and I mean EVERYTHING starts here. When you type ‘/home’ what you’re really saying is "start at / and then go to the home directory."

  /

  這就是根目錄。對你的電腦來說,有且只有一個根目錄。所有的東西,我是說所有的東西都是從這里開始。舉個例子:當(dāng)你在終端里輸入"/home",你其實是在告訴電腦,先從/(根目錄)開始,再進(jìn)入到home目錄。

  /root

  This is where the root user lives. The root user is the god of your system. Root can do anything, up to and including removing your entire filesystem. So be careful using root.

  /root

  這是系統(tǒng)管理員(root user)的目錄。對于系統(tǒng)來說,系統(tǒng)管理員就好比是上帝,它能對系統(tǒng)做任何事情,甚至包括刪除你的文件。因此,請小心使用root帳號。

  /bin

  Here’s where your standard linux utilities(read programs) live — things like "ls" and "vi" and "more". Generally this directory is included in your path. What this means is that if you type ‘ls’, /bin is one of the places your shell will look to see if ‘ls’ means anything.

  /bin

  這里存放了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的(或者說是缺省的)linux的工具,比如像"ls"、"vi"還有"more"等等。通常來說,這個目錄已經(jīng)包含在你的"path"系統(tǒng)變量里面了。什么意思呢?就是:當(dāng)你在終端里輸入ls,系統(tǒng)就會去/bin目錄下面查找是不是有l(wèi)s這個程序。

  /etc

  Here’s where the administrative and system configuration stuff lives. For instance, if you have samba installed, and you want to modify the samba configuration files, you’d find them in /etc/samba.

  /etc

  這里主要存放了系統(tǒng)配置方面的文件。舉個例子:你安裝了samba這個套件,當(dāng)你想要修改samba配置文件的時候,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們(配置文件)就在/etc/samba目錄下。

  /dev

  Here’s where files that control peripherals live. Talking to a printer? Your computer is doing it from here. Same goes for disk drives, usb devices, and other such stuff.

  /dev

  這里主要存放與設(shè)備(包括外設(shè))有關(guān)的文件(unix和linux系統(tǒng)均把設(shè)備當(dāng)成文件)。想連線打印機(jī)嗎?系統(tǒng)就是從這個目錄開始工作的。另外還有一些包括磁盤驅(qū)動、USB驅(qū)動等都放在這個目錄。

  /home

  Here’s where your data is stored. Config files specific to users, your Desktop folder(whick makes your desktop what it is), and any data related to your user. Each user will have their own /home/username folder, with the exception of the root user.

  /home

  這里主要存放你的個人數(shù)據(jù)。具體每個用戶的設(shè)置文件,用戶的桌面文件夾,還有用戶的數(shù)據(jù)都放在這里。每個用戶都有自己的用戶目錄,位置為:/home/用戶名。當(dāng)然,root用戶除外。

  /tmp

  This is the Temporary folder. Think of it as a scratch directory for your Linux system. Files that won’t be needed by programs once their used once or twice are put here. Many Linux systems are set to automatically wipe the /tmp folder at certain intervals, so don’t put things you want to keep here.

  /tmp

  這是臨時目錄。對于某些程序來說,有些文件被用了一次兩次之后,就不會再被用到,像這樣的文件就放在這里。有些linux系統(tǒng)會定期自動對這個目錄進(jìn)行清理,因此,千萬不要把重要的數(shù)據(jù)放在這里。

  /usr

  Here’s where you’ll find extra utilities that don’t fit under /bin or /etc. Things like games, printer utilities, and whatnot. /usr is divided into sections like /usr/bin for programs, /usr/share for shared data like sound files or icons, /usr/lib for libraries whick cannot be directly run but are essential for running other programs.Your package manager takes care of the things in /usr for you.

  /usr

  在這個目錄下,你可以找到那些不適合放在/bin或/etc目錄下的額外的工具。比如像游戲阿,一些打印工具拉等等。/usr目錄包含了許多子目錄:/usr/bin目錄用于存放程序;/usr/share用于存放一些共享的數(shù)據(jù),比如音樂文件或者圖標(biāo)等等;/usr/lib目錄用于存放那些不能直接運(yùn)行的,但卻是許多程序運(yùn)行所必需的一些函數(shù)庫文件。你的軟件包管理器(應(yīng)該是"新立得"吧)會自動幫你管理好/usr目錄的。

  /opt

  Here’s where optional stuff is put. Trying out the latest Firefox beta? Install it to /opt where you can delete it without affecting other settings. Programs in here usually live inside a single folder whick contains all of their data, libraries, etc.

  /opt

  這里主要存放那些可選的程序。你想嘗試最新的firefox測試版嗎?那就裝到/opt目錄下吧,這樣,當(dāng)你嘗試完,想刪掉firefox的時候,你就可以直接刪除它,而不影響系統(tǒng)其他任何設(shè)置。安裝到/opt目錄下的程序,它所有的數(shù)據(jù)、庫文件等等都是放在同個目錄下面。

  舉個例子:剛才裝的測試版firefox,就可以裝到/opt/firefox_beta目錄下,/opt/firefox_beta目錄下面就包含了運(yùn)行firefox所需要的所有文件、庫、數(shù)據(jù)等等。要刪除firefox的時候,你只需刪除/opt/firefox_beta目錄即可,非常簡單。

  /usr/local

  This is where most manually installed(ie. outside of your package manager) software goes. It has the same structure as /usr. It is a good idea to leave /usr to your package manager and put any custom scripts and things into /usr/local, since nothing important normally lives in /usr/local.

  /usr/local

  這里主要存放那些手動安裝的軟件,即不是通過"新立得"或apt-get安裝的軟件。它和/usr目錄具有相類似的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)。讓軟件包管理器來管理/usr目錄,而把自定義的腳本(scripts)放到/usr/local目錄下面,我想這應(yīng)該是個不錯的主意。

  /media

  Some distros use this folder to mount things like usb disks, cd or dvd drives and other filesystems.

  /media

  有些linux的發(fā)行版使用這個目錄來掛載那些usb接口的移動硬盤(包括U盤)、CD/DVD驅(qū)動器等等。

關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)簽:Linux系統(tǒng)

相關(guān)閱讀

文章評論
發(fā)表評論

熱門文章 安裝紅帽子RedHat Linux9.0操作系統(tǒng)教程 安裝紅帽子RedHat Linux9.0操作系統(tǒng)教程 Tomcat9.0如何安裝_Tomcat9.0環(huán)境變量配置方法 Tomcat9.0如何安裝_Tomcat9.0環(huán)境變量配置方法 多種操作系統(tǒng)NTP客戶端配置 多種操作系統(tǒng)NTP客戶端配置 Linux操作系統(tǒng)修改IP Linux操作系統(tǒng)修改IP

相關(guān)下載

    人氣排行 Linux下獲取CPUID、硬盤序列號與MAC地址 dmidecode命令查看內(nèi)存型號 linux tc實現(xiàn)ip流量限制 安裝紅帽子RedHat Linux9.0操作系統(tǒng)教程 linux下解壓rar文件 lcx.exe、nc.exe、sc.exe入侵中的使用方法 Ubuntu linux 關(guān)機(jī)、重啟、注銷 命令 查看linux服務(wù)器硬盤IO讀寫負(fù)載