時(shí)間:2015/6/28來源:IT貓撲網(wǎng)作者:網(wǎng)管聯(lián)盟我要評論(0)
A、磁盤配額作用限制普通用戶使用磁盤空間,不至于因?yàn)閭別人的浪費(fèi)而影響到其它人的正常使用;
B、需要內(nèi)核的支持;
C、只有Ext2/Ext3文件系統(tǒng)目前支持這種功能;
D、需要用戶程序quota軟件包.
磁盤配額配置過程
1)、使用usrquota,grpquota選項(xiàng)掛載一個分區(qū),激活內(nèi)核的支持(只能在分區(qū)上做)
2)、方法:#mount –o usrquota,grpquota /dev/sdb1 /mnt/d1
或 mount –o remount,usrquota,grpquota / (因?yàn)楦夸浺呀?jīng)掛載過,可重新掛載)
3)、init 1 (進(jìn)入單用戶環(huán)境來配置)
4)、quotacheck –cvuga 檢查并創(chuàng)建磁盤配額的數(shù)據(jù)庫文件(存放位置:在每一個分區(qū)的根目錄下面)
-c: 創(chuàng)建create; –v:更詳細(xì)地表述;–u:用戶user;–g:組group;-a:所有all
5)、edquota –u <username>為指定用戶分配磁盤空間和節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量
6)、quota命令可以查看用戶的配額使用情況
如:[root@localhost root]# ls /mnt
cdrom floppy
[root@localhost root]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1/
mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
mkfs.ext3: bad blocks count - /mnt/sd1/
[root@localhost root]# mkfs.ext3 -f /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1/
[root@localhost root]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 250 522 2192872+ 83 Linux
[root@localhost root]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
274176 inodes, 548218 blocks
27410 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16128 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost root]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1 -o usrquota,grpquota
[root@localhost root]# mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw)
none on /proc type proc (rw)
usbdevfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbdevfs (rw)
none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sdb1 on /mnt/sd1 type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)
[root@localhost root]# more /etc/mtab
/dev/sda1 / ext3 rw 0 0
none /proc proc rw 0 0
usbdevfs /proc/bus/usb usbdevfs rw 0 0
none /dev/pts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620 0 0
none /dev/shm tmpfs rw 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1 ext3 rw,usrquota,grpquota 0 0
[root@localhost root]# quotacheck –cvuga <-------
quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sdb1 [/mnt/sd1] done
quotacheck: Checked 2 directories and 0 files
[root@localhost root]# ls /mnt/sd1/
aquota.group aquota.user lost+found
aquota.group 和aquota.user兩個數(shù)據(jù)文件,用來分配組和用戶的配額情況。
[root@localhost root]# quotaon 或reboot或quotaon /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost root]# edquota -u redhat
Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/sdb1 125 10 0 80 0 10
注:blocks表示:塊的數(shù)量;inodes表示:節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)量或建立文件的個數(shù);
soft表示:軟限制,可以超過這個數(shù)值的設(shè)定,但是有天數(shù)限制;
hard表示:硬限制,這是一個任何時(shí)候也不能超過的數(shù)值,永遠(yuǎn)不可能達(dá)到。
[root@localhost root]# \ls /mnt/sd1
aquota.group aquota.user lost+found
[root@localhost root]# mkdir /mnt/sd1/redhat
[root@localhost root]# chown redhat /mnt/sd1/redhat/
[root@localhost root]# su - redhat
[redhat@localhost redhat]$ pwd
/home/redhat
[redhat@localhost redhat]$ cd /mnt/sd1/redhat/
[redhat@localhost redhat]$ pwd
/mnt/sd1/redhat
[redhat@localhost redhat]$ quota
Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502):
Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace
/dev/sdb1 4 10 0 1 0 &n
關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)簽:linux系統(tǒng)管理,磁盤配
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